Coding Frame Psychology

2 Key excerpts on "Coding Frame Psychology"

• 

  eBook - ePub

  Introducing Qualitative Research

  A Student's Guide

  • Rosaline Barbour(Author)
  • 2013(Publication Date)
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

    (Publisher)

  11 Analysis: Processing, Coding and Interrogating Data

  Aims

  This chapter will equip the researcher to make decisions about recording, note-taking and transcription, which will, in turn, ensure that many of the common pitfalls are avoided.

  • It will outline the advantages and disadvantages of using computer software packages and allow the reader to make an informed decision as to whether to pursue this option.
  • The principles of coding are introduced and the researcher will learn how to assign codes and sub-categories to transcripts (in order to aid meaningful data retrieval).
  • Hints are provided on how to revise and refine coding frames through constant revisiting of transcripts and reconsideration of provisional coding categories.
  • It will outline the main approaches to analyzing qualitative data offered by content and thematic analysis and Grounded Theory (including constant comparison and framework analysis).

  Introduction

  Although qualitative research can seem – from the outside – a glamorous option, many of the tasks involved are mundane. The key to effective qualitative research is being systematic and thinking ahead to the challenges one is likely to encounter in analysis. This chapter deals with ‘housekeeping’ issues, including note-taking; recording and equipment; taking notes on the sequence of talk (in focus groups); keeping a fieldwork diary; producing ‘thumb-nail sketches’ of respondents; assigning coding categories (use of memos) and techniques for collecting supplementary information; transcription; and computer analysis. Despite its necessarily somewhat pedestrian focus, the first part of this chapter will pose some fundamental questions, such as ‘Is transcription always necessary?’ and ‘Must a computer package be employed?’

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  eBook - ePub

  Media Studies

  Key Issues and Debates

  • Eoin Devereux(Author)
  • 2007(Publication Date)
  • SAGE Publications Ltd

    (Publisher)

  Framing and Frame Analysis

  6

  Jenny Kitzinger

   

  DEFINITIONS

  Framing refers to the process whereby we organize reality – categorizing events in particular ways, paying attention to some aspects rather than others, deciding what an experience or event means or how it came about. The term is used to refer to how we interpret our everyday encounters with the world around us. It is also used to refer to how a picture ‘frames’ a scene, and how a newspaper ‘frames’ a story.

  Any representation of reality involves framing. If you take a photograph you are literally ‘framing’ the scene – freezing an image of a moment in time, from a particular perspective. Through the view-finder you select your focus, decide what to foreground and what to leave in the background, and exclude some aspects of the scene from the frame altogether. The resulting photograph does not show the whole of the landscape, it necessarily ‘frames’ a particular view.

  Similarly a newspaper report cannot tell the reader everything. Journalists frame a story by selecting the ‘relevant’ facts and placing an event in what they consider to be the appropriate context. They tell the story in ways which highlight particular ideas about the nature of the event. They decide who they should interview and what questions they should ask. They portray key players in the drama in particular ways (the victims, the perpetrators or the policy–makers and politicians implicated in the crisis). They also present implicit and explicit ideas about the causes, and the solutions, to the problem.

  Within media and communication studies, frame analysis is thus the term used when researchers try to unpick the processes through which a frame is presented. Frame analysts ask: How have journalists told the story and why did they tell the story in this way? What alternative frames could have been used? How might the problem, and the key players involved, have been presented differently? What alternative ideas about the causes and the solutions might have been considered? Analysts may also ask: What are the consequences

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